2.Hashtable中的方法是同步的，而HashMap中的方法在缺省情况下是非同步的。即是说，在多线程应用程序中，不用专门的操作就安全地可以使用Hashtable了；而对于HashMap，则需要额外的同步机制。
但HashMap的同步问题可通过Collections的一个静态方法得到解决：Map Collections.synchronizedMap(Map m)
这个方法返回一个同步的Map，这个Map封装了底层的HashMap的所有方法，使得底层的HashMap即使是在多线程的环境中也是安全的。
3.在HashMap中，null可以作为键，这样的键只有一个；可以有一个或多个键所对应的值为null。当get()方法返回null值时，即可以表示HashMap中没有该键，也可以表示该键所对应的值为null。因此，在HashMap中不能由get()方法来判断HashMap中是否存在某个键，而应该用containsKey()方法来判断。
Six Life Lessons Learned from Triathlon Training
从三项全能运动训练中学到的6条人生真谛
Do you like to exercise? Or, would you rather be doing just about anything else?
你喜欢锻炼吗？或者，你是更情愿去做些别的事情？
As creator and co-founder (along with Leo, Andrew Flusche, and Dan Clements) of the non-profit humanitarian organization Train for Humanity, this past Sunday, November 9th, I had the privilege of competing in the Miami Man International distance triathlon in order to help support the cause.
作为非盈利性人道主义组织“人性训练”的建立者及共同创办人之一（与Leo，Andrew Flusche，及Dan Clements一起创办），为了更好的支持这项事业的发展，我有幸于上星期天，也就是9月9日参加了迈阿密男子长距离三项全能运动国际比赛。
I have always enjoyed exercising, mostly as a recreational runner, but during the past couple of months I have taken on additional workouts as I prepare for my very first triathlon. Let me just state for the record; training for this triathlon has humbled and educated me.
我一直都很喜欢锻炼，大多数时候都是作为休闲跑步人群中的一员，但在过去的几个月里因为要为我的第一次三项全能比赛作好准备，我增加了大量额外的体育锻炼。让我先申明一下作为记录，这次训练给我上了生动的一课并让我时刻保持谦逊。
Unlike the Iron Man triathlon where the distances are extreme (swim 2.5 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles) the International distance triathlon segments are a bit more manageable with a .6 mile swim, 24 mile bike, and a 10k run.
相比于铁人三项的超长路程（游泳2.5英里，骑自行车112英里，以及跑步26.2英里），国际长距离三项全能比赛的游泳0.6英里，骑自行车24英里，以及跑步10公里就显得更容易办到。
Nevertheless, having only competed and raced previously as a recreational runner, I needed to spend quite a bit of time working on my swimming and biking. Lucky for me, I am not at all concerned with winning the event, but I don’t want to place last either.
不过，对于以前只参加过业余跑步比赛的我来说，还需要大量的游泳及自行车训练。还好，我并不在乎能否赢得这次比赛，但我也不想做最后一名。
Training Regimen
训练方式
Over the past couple of months my training has been fairly consistent and while not too taxing, still required a level of commitment both in terms of time and effort. My workout schedule during most of the weeks leading up to the event included the following:
在过去的几个月当中，我的训练一直保持着非常好的连续性但又不是特别的繁重，不过这还是需要投入一定的时间及努力。大多数时候我每个星期的锻炼日程表中主要包括以下这些：
Monday: swim 1/2 hour, run 4 miles
星期一：游泳半小时，跑步4英里
Tuesday: bike 15 miles
星期二：骑自行车15英里
Wednesday: swim 1/2 hour, run – various speed work
星期三：游泳半小时，跑步——以不同的速度
Thursday: bike 10 miles
星期四：骑自行车10英里
Friday: swim 40 minutes, run 6 miles
星期五：游泳40分钟，跑步6英里
Saturday: off
星期六：休息
Sunday: bike 25 miles, run easy 5 miles
星期日：骑自行车25英里，慢跑5英里
While I did enjoy the training on most days, sometimes it was a little difficult to get motivated because I live on a very small island and did not have the luxury of a coach or any training partners. However, the reality is, if I wanted to be in shape for the triathlon then it was up to me to get up off the couch, get out there, and put in the time required.
大多数时候我很享受这种训练，但有时候还是会觉得有点缺乏动力，因为我住在一个小岛上，在这里我不敢奢望拥有一位教练或者训练搭档来激励我。不过，现实就摆在面前，如果我想要保持最好的状态投入三项全能比赛，那么我自己就得坚决地爬起来去锻炼，并完成每天必需的锻炼时间。
Life Lessons
从中学到的人生感悟
All of the extra training did afford me plenty of time to myself for reflection and contemplation. Many a day, whether swimming, biking, or running I would think about my life, how lucky I have been, and some of the of the major events (changing points) that I have been through. Additionally, while training I would ponder life lessons that are analogous to training or really hard work and dedication of any kind. Listed below, are lessons that are somewhat universal, and as such, you might already know them. But I have not trained this hard in a VERY long time and as such, feel like I was re-educated:
这些额外的训练为我提供了大量的时间来对自己进行反思及冥想。不管是游泳、骑自行车还是跑步，我都有那么多的时间经常想一想我的人生，以及人生中所经历过的重要事情（人生转变点），对我来说这该有多么的幸运啊。另外，在训练的过程当中我会琢磨与训练或是努力工作以及全身投入任何一种事物相类似的人生真谛。以下所列的是比较普遍的人生体会，也许你已经知道，但对我自己已经很长时间没有经历过这样刻苦的训练，从而使自己觉得受到了一次再教育：
Get started – I have been fascinated with triathlons ever since the 1980’s when I witnessed the true meaning of human strength, determination, and courage when Julie Moss collapsed and then crawled across the finish line to place second at the Hawaii IronMan. That was over twenty years ago! If I had pursued my interest in triathlons then, who knows where I would be now. Likewise, if you are thinking about making a life change; a new job, a trip around the world, or launching a small business…don’t wait. Get started today!
-- 要做就要从现在开始 ——早在上世纪80年代，当我看到Julie Moss在夏威夷铁人三项比赛中垮倒在地后依然坚持爬过终点并最终夺得亚军，我体会到了人的力量、意志以及勇气的真正含义，自那一刻起我就被三项全能运动给迷住了。但现在已过去20多年了！如果我当时就开始追逐着自己的兴趣并投入到三项全能运动中，谁知道我现在能达到怎样的成就。同样，如果你想要自己的生活有点改变，比如说一份新工作，一次环球旅行，或者是创办一份事业...，不要再等待下去，现在就开始动作！
You have to do the miles (yourself) – some days during my training when it was rainy, miserable out, or I just felt lazy I really wished there was someone that I could have paid to go out on the bike for me, or perhaps to swim my laps. However, as with any worthwhile goal, you have to get out there and put in the hard work in order to get to the desired end result. If you are studying at university or trying to run 3 miles for the first time it’s not always easy or pleasant, but being persistent and doing homework or running when you don’t feel like it WILL payoff in the long term
-- 自己的路要靠自己走，自己的未来要靠自己创造 ——在训练过程中，有些时候外面下雨、天气很糟糕或者自己感觉懒倦，我真想能花钱雇个人替我骑自行车，或者替我游上几圈。但是，对于任何值得奋斗的目标，你都必须要自己去努力奋斗才能得到自己想要的成果。如果你在大学里学习或是想跑完3英里，刚开始的时候都不会感到很简单很快乐的，但是如果在不情愿的时候你还坚持努力做功课或坚持跑下去，将来总有一天它会给你带来回报。
Some days it’s going to rain – actually, it might not only rain but you might get two flat tires at the same time, too. Pursuing personal goals is not always “flowery” and perfect. In fact, some days are going to downright suck.
-- 成功之路多坎坷 ——事实上，有的时候你在路上碰到的不只是风雨，可能正好你的自行车又前后轮同时没气了。追求个人目标的路途中不会总是花团锦簇，光鲜亮丽，有时候甚至会糟糕透顶。
Take a break – throughout my various training runs and bike rides I would often find myself winding up at the beach as a halfway point during a workout. Many days I would stop for five or ten minutes to think about what I have done, what I need to do, why I was doing it. If you’ve been working hard, don’t be afraid to take a break and give yourself a well-deserved pat on the back or to reflect on your goals.
-- 漫漫途中也需小憩片刻 ——在那些跑步、骑自行车等多方面的训练途中，我经常会在海滩边上停下片刻作为锻炼的半程休息。很多时候我会停下来花上5到10分钟来想想自己所做的事情，做这些的目的何在，以及我还需要做些什么。如果你一直在努力工作着，不要害怕停下歇会，给自己找个靠背享受一下你应得的小憩或者静下来反思一下自己的目标。
When you reach a hill put your head down and take it one step at a time – Most days of my training I was either running or biking and I would always come across hills of varying magnitudes. Though, there is one hill in particular on my route that begins as a slow grade and continues to get steeper and steeper over the course of a mile. Frequently, especially in the beginning of my training, I would arrive at the base of this hill and want nothing more than to give up and walk. But, invariably I would put my head down and keep telling myself to just keep putting one foot in front of the other and before I knew it, I would be at the top. Have you hit any rough patches in life lately? Even though it is not always the solution sometimes you just have to put your head down, take what comes, and plow ahead one-step at a time.
-- 低头爬山让你不畏险阻，一步一步脚踏实地才能勇攀高峰——在我的训练中很多时候都是跑步或者骑自行车训练，在这途中会穿过各种高低不同的山峰。但这中间有一座山比较特别，刚开始的时候山坡比较平缓，但接下来一英里的山路却变得越来越陡。我经常在到达山脚下的时候就想放弃直接走开，尤其是在训练刚开始的时候。但每当这时，我总是低下头去并告诫自己不要多想只要一步一步地往上爬就是了，就这样不知不觉中我就已经到达山顶了。你是否也曾经历过人生中的一段困难时期？虽然这不总是有效的，但碰到困难时有时候你只需要低下头不管前方有多么艰难，脚踏实地的一步一步往前走就行了。
Find sources of inspiration – As stated above, I like to exercise and workout but I did reach certain stages where I felt burnt out. During those times I would frequently read an interview that I did with Scott Rigsby, the first below the knee double amputee athlete to complete the Hawaii IronMan triathlon. Also, I would think about the orphans and refugees whom we are trying to raise money for with our Train for Humanity efforts. Most likely, whatever your goals, there are people out there who have overcome and triumphed in the face of adversity and have done what you would like to be doing. Seek them out when you are feeling overwhelmed.
-- 寻找动力源使自己振作 ——就像本文之前说过，我很喜欢锻炼健身，但有时我也会有一段时期感觉到热情已耗尽。这时候我就常常会去读一读以前我对Scott Rigsby进行的一篇采访，他是第一个膝以下双腿截肢但仍然完成夏威夷铁人三项比赛的运动员。同时我也会想想那些我们通过“人性训练”组织得到的钱去资助的那些孤儿与难民们。不管你的目标是什么，总有那么一些人是克服万难依然在逆境中获得成功，而他们所做的也正是你想要去做的事情。当你感到自己要被压垮的时候，想想这些人的事迹你就会重新振作起来了。
Pretty much wherever you look this summer, Hillary, Bill, and even Chelsea Clinton are in the news. The former first lady, senator from New York, presidential candidate, and now Secretary of State grows in stature, acknowledged across the political spectrum for her professional skills and toughness when it counts. Virtually alone among Obama insiders, she was spared opprobrium from General Stanley McChrystal and his aides in their self-destructive Rolling Stone rant. The former president looks trim and elegant on the cover of this month's Esquire. The piece is about Haiti. Pundits are hailing Clinton's revived political mojo in places such as Arkansas, where he stepped up on behalf of embattled Senator Blanche Lincoln, and Colorado, where he has endorsed an opposition Democrat for senator. Writing in The Daily Beast, Mark McKinnon asserted "the former president's favorables are now at 51 percent, higher than Obama's."
这个夏季很多有关希拉里，比尔，甚至切尔西克林顿的新闻无处不在。曾经的美国第一夫人，纽约参议员，总统候选人，现在的美国国务卿，她以她的专业技能和韧性在政坛上获得普遍认可。事实上，在奥巴马政府内部，她受到麦克克里斯托将军的谩骂和（）。在本月的《时尚先生》的封面，前总统看上去整洁且绅士。该篇文章关于海地。在某些地方，权威人士们为克林顿的政治复辟而欢呼，比如在：阿肯色州，在那里，他代表备受攻击的参议员布兰奇林肯，同时，在科罗拉多州他已经成为反民主党的参议员。据《每日野兽报》，马克麦金龙宣称：“目前，前总统的支持率高于奥巴马，达到51%”。
As for Chelsea Clinton, her wedding is imminent. Speculation focuses on an estate in Rhinebeck, New York. Considering how much of her life took place in the limelight, she seems remarkably cool and poised. For all any outsider is entitled to judge, Chelsea is among her parents' greatest successes.
而切尔西克林顿，她即将步入婚姻，各种猜测都聚焦于她在纽约Rhinebeck的财产，在聚光灯下她过着怎么样的生活，而切尔西似乎非常冷静沉着。所有有权评判的人认为，切尔西是她的父母最大的骄傲。
With so much going for the Clintons, it seemed perverse somehow to find myself drawn this June to a nearly 800-page book, The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr (Crown) by Ken Gormley, a professor at Duquesne University Law School. He has exhaustively recreated the entire saga, beginning with the Whitewater land deals and ending years later with the impeachment trial of the president for lying about his affair with Monica Lewinsky. But the book's early reviews were intriguing. My favorite line was from Janet Maslin, writing in The New York Times that reading the book "seems akin to climbing Mount Everest in house slippers; impressive but not entirely necessary." What finally hooked me was Gormley's fascinating interview with Terry Gross on NPR's Fresh Air.
克林顿夫妇的支持者很多，发现自己出现在6月的一本长达800页的书中似乎不合常理，该书《死亡的美国人的美德：克林顿和斯塔尔》作者是葛姆雷，迪凯纳大学法学院的教授。他竭尽全力的重塑他的整个传奇，从白水门事件开始，结束于莱温斯基性丑闻弹劾事件。本书早期的评论引人入胜。我最喜欢的是《纽约时报》珍妮特写道：“读本书就像穿着拖鞋攀登埃佛勒斯峰，永生难忘但却没什么必要。” 而最终吸引我的是美国国家公共电台新鲜空气栏目中格姆雷对泰瑞有趣的采访。
The accumulation of extensive interviews and impeccably researched detail, much of it largely forgotten or never before disclosed, amounts to a portrait of what was surely one of the strangest periods in American history—nearly a full decade in which the nation's politics gradually became ensnared in low-level real estate and tax shenanigans that morphed into the tawdriest array of sexual peccadilloes ever to require the attention of the White House, Congress, and the Supreme Court, abetted by a breathless media in the midst of a transformation to Internet omnipresence and twenty-four-hour cable news. The stain of cheesiness that remains is indelible. I started reading The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr on a Kindle, but switched to the printed book because I found myself making so many exclamatory marginal notes. Here are just a few of the book's more astonishing facts:
该书累计了广泛的采访素材以及做了毫无瑕疵的细节研究，很大一部分已经被遗忘或从来没有披露过，美国历史最奇怪的一段时期被刻画成一副肖像 - 几乎整整10年这个国家的政治逐渐被低迷的房地产和税务欺骗所困扰，这些又转向最恶俗的性丑闻，在为无处不在的因特网为载体令人窒息的媒体和24小时的有线新闻的煽动下，这些都要求白宫，国会和最高法院的关注。奶酪上存在的污点是擦不掉的。开始，我使用电子阅览器读《死亡的美国人的美德：克林顿和斯塔尔》，但之后我转换读打印版，因为我发现自己需要做很多感叹的旁注。这儿有一些该书中描述的更多令人惊叹的事实：
The "Indictment" of Hillary: In April, 1998, Kenneth Starr's Office of Independent Council (OIC) drafted a formal indictment of Hilary Clinton that charged she had perjured herself in describing work for Madison Guaranty, the bank at the heart of the Whitewater case. OIC prosecutor Hickman Ewing was "unshakable in his belief that Hillary Clinton had perjured herself" Gormley writes. "Never before had a First Lady of the United States been indicted. That was no reason in Ewing's mind to resist taking this historic plunge." But other prosecutors, including Starr, prevailed, with the mantra "Forget about [Hillary]. We have the president in [our] sights."
控诉希拉里：1998年春天，独立委员会肯尼斯史塔尔办公室起草了一份正式的文件，控诉希拉里克林顿在为自己在麦迪逊银行的工作做伪证，该银行是水门事件涉案的关键点。在书中，葛姆雷写道：“独立委员会检察官尤因坚信希拉里克林顿为自己做了伪证，在此之前，从来没有美国第一夫人被控诉，不知为什么尤因不愿陷入历史”。但在其他的检察官中，包括史塔尔，盛行这样的咒语“忘记希拉里，我们有自己的总统”。
The "Brace" of Monica Lewinsky: This was the entrapment of the intern in a Ritz Carlton hotel room in which prosecutors and the FBI effectively cut her off from her lawyer and terrified her with the intention of gaining undercover cooperation in pursuit of the president. When finally allowed to talk to her mother, "Monica choked out the words: 'the FBI has me. . . .' She later admitted, 'I was hysterical.'" Gormley's meticulous recreation of this episode is chilling for its cruelty, considering how clueless she seems to have been about the risks of Oval Office infatuation.
莫妮卡莱温斯基的支撑：这是一个内部的圈套，在利兹酒店的房间里，检查官和FBI及时切断了她与她的律师的联系，并恐吓她为追捕总统与他们进行秘密合作。后来，允许她与她的母亲通话：“莫妮卡哽咽着说：FBI......最后，它承认：当时我非常混乱”。在本书的该章节中葛姆雷将这种残忍描述的非常冷酷，想想醉心于冒险总统办公室是多么的愚蠢。
The outing of adulterers: First, Representative Henry Hyde, Republican chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who led the case against Clinton in the House, acknowledged an affair in 1965, and then Representative Bob Livingston, about to be the new Speaker of the House, was brought down by Hustler magazine's revelation of a "host of extramarital liaisons" leading to his resignation. "As his final declamation in the well of Congress," Gormley wrote, "the dishonored representative declared, 'God Bless America.'"
被曝光的通奸者们：首先，共和党代表亨利海德，在白宫内部领导弹劾克林顿一事的白宫司法委员会主席承认自己在1965年的外遇，然后就是，参议员鲍勃利文斯顿，即将成为白宫的最新发言人也因为被《好色客》杂志披露是“通奸的主要联络人”而导致辞职。葛姆雷在书中写道：“在国会上他做了最后的宣告，这个无耻的参议员说：上帝保佑美国吧”。
The prospective indictment of Bill Clinton after he left office: Robert Ray, Starr's successor at OIC, intended to empanel a new grand jury and bring a criminal case against the ex-president. But what amounted to a plea deal ended the case. Clinton's law license was suspended for five years; he paid a $25,000 fine to the Arkansas Supreme Court's Committee on Professional Conduct, and was required to admit that he "knowingly gave evasive and misleading answers" in the case brought by Paula Jones, which had veered the nation into the whole sordid mess.
在其离职后对比尔克林顿预期的控诉：罗伯特，独立委员会斯塔尔的接班人，他想选任新的陪审团给前总统定罪。但是怎样的认罪交易结束了该事件呢。克林顿的律师执照已经被吊销了5年之久，他向阿肯色遂高法律委员会支付了25000美金的罚款，并且被要求承认在葆拉琼斯案件中给了“逃避性和误导的回答”，该事件已将该国家陷入肮脏的境地。
On nearly every page, some character is shown to be pitiful or tawdry: Vince Foster, the White House lawyer who committed suicide; Jim McDougal, a con man who died in a Texas prison in solitary confinement because he was unwilling or unable to produce a urine sample; and Susan McDougal, who languished in jail for refusing to testify at Starr's grand juries for reasons never made clear. One thought was that she was protecting a romance with Clinton; according to Gormley, she now concedes there was one, "albeit brief in duration."
该书几乎在每一页，都有一些遗憾的或是俗气的人：文斯福斯特，白宫的律师自杀身亡；吉姆杜戈尔靠欺骗度日的男人死在德克萨斯州的牢中，因为他不愿接受尿检；苏珊因为拒绝向斯塔尔陪审团证实从未搞清楚的原因而在狱中备受折磨。还有一位她恪守与克林顿的一段情史，据葛姆雷书中说：现在她已经承认她与克林顿之间的关系，“尽管，这段关系非常短暂”。
The book is also replete with codas. Ken Starr now believes it was a mistake for him to extend his Whitewater probe into the Lewinsky saga. "If he could replay this decision that wreaked havoc on his life and his professional career," Gormley writes, Starr would declare, the case had to be investigated, "but I was a poor choice to do it." As for President Clinton, his rage is still palpable. Of the House prosecutors, he said, "They ran a partisan hit job run by a bitter right-winger, Henry Hyde who turned out to be a hypocrite on the personal issues. . . . Yeah, I'll always have an asterisk after my name, but I hope I'll have two asterisks: One is: They impeached him and the other is 'He stood up to them and beat them. And he beat them like a yard dog.'"
该书充满了尾声。肯斯塔尔现在认为，他调查重点由白水门事件转入莱温斯基传奇是个错误。葛姆雷在书中写道：“如果他重新做决定，该事件将严重影响他的生活和事业”，斯塔尔宣称该事件已经被调查，“但我很少有机会做”。作为总统的克林顿，很明显充满了怒气。白宫检察官说："这是由右翼分子执行的党派间的打击，在个人问题上，亨利海德原来是个伪君子......在我的名字后面我将标注记号，但我希望标注两个记号：一个是：他们弹劾克林顿，另一个是克林顿抵抗他们并与之斗争。就像一只在院中的狗"。
And so, years after the debacle, the former president and the secretary of state continue to play important and constructive roles in American life. They are truly indomitable. But what a blot there is on history.
在一败涂地之后的很多年中，前总统和现任国务卿继续在美国人的生活中扮演重要的和有建设意义的角色。他们是真的毫不气馁，但在美国历史上那是怎样的一个污点。
孩童时，我未曾旅行很多。读大学之前，我只搬过一次家。由于种种原因，我仅在五岁时度过一次假。
不过，这并不是说我不想旅行。实际上，这让我更想旅行了。我选择读了语言学位，特别是“将英语作为第二语言教学”的课程。如此一来，我就可以旅行了。冒险的欲望始终在我身上，我想，这就是我的极简主义的来源吧。我相信旅行给我自由。
几个星期以前，我跟一个待了一年的地方说再见。我跟那些所有送掉的东西说再见。我也跟那些永远将不会见到的人们说再见，他们已是我的朋友。
说再见总是件难事，这叫像我这种情感丰富的人每次都有点心碎。
· 比起让东西变旧，不买东西容易些。
· 比起跟朋友说再见，与陌生人相遇容易些。
· 比起离开熟悉的地方，到个新地方容易些。
但是，这种不买任何东西，不见任何人，也不去任何地方的生活也许不可能，也很无聊。慢慢地，我认识到，如果伤害这么多，为什么还要说再见？ “再见”是伤心的，这只不过是“我将再也不会见到你”的另一种说法而已。
极简主义者一种必备的“技巧”是要有“让它去吧”的能力。如果你在所有事情和所有人上寄托了巨大的情感包袱，你将没什么留给自己。
相反的，为什么不想点不一样的呢？那些你不再见到的人将继续他们自己的生活，祝福他们“好运”是不是更好呢？或者，如果是个你住了很久的地方，“感谢这些回忆”如何呢？有时候，跟我们自己的东西说再见并不容易，比如说旧衣服。不过，即使听起来有点可笑，“谢谢你，现在你可以去别人那儿找到更好的用处了”的想法确实有帮助。
今年夏天，我将离家到国外一个很远的地方待上一整年。就跟过去的一年一样，我知道很多人和很多地方注定将进入我的生活，又离开我的生活。我可以：
· 很依赖他们，当我不得不离开时变得失落；
· 或者，我享受它在的时光，带着微笑和满脑子的美妙回忆离开。
你是否不得不跟一切说再见？或者你可以说再见，但没说？
每日语录
纵观世间说与做，说的总比做的多。
每日艺术语录
我的手是我创作思路的延伸。
每日幽默语录
我们不是在撤退，我们是在朝另一个方向进军。（外国人太费劲了，表达这个幽默我们中国人直接用“长征”二字足矣）
每日爱情语录
喜乐是用以捕捉灵魂的爱之网。
每日自然语录
大地之上没有天堂，但却有天堂的碎片散落其间。
